Use std::byte

include/SFML/Network/Packet.hpp

@@ -432,7 +432,7 @@ private:
     ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
     // Member data
     ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-    std::vector<char> m_data;          //!< Data stored in the packet
+    std::vector<std::byte> m_data;          //!< Data stored in the packet
     std::size_t            m_readPos{};     //!< Current reading position in the packet
     std::size_t            m_sendPos{};     //!< Current send position in the packet (for handling partial sends)
     bool                   m_isValid{true}; //!< Reading state of the packet

include/SFML/Network/TcpSocket.hpp

@@ -35,6 +35,8 @@
 
 #include <optional>
 
+#include <cstddef>
+
 
 namespace sf
 {
@@ -221,14 +223,14 @@ private:
     {
         std::uint32_t          Size{};         //!< Data of packet size
         std::size_t            SizeReceived{}; //!< Number of size bytes received so far
-        std::vector<char> Data;           //!< Data of the packet
+        std::vector<std::byte> Data;           //!< Data of the packet
     };
 
     ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
     // Member data
     ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
     PendingPacket          m_pendingPacket;     //!< Temporary data of the packet currently being received
-    std::vector<char> m_blockToSendBuffer; //!< Buffer used to prepare data being sent from the socket
+    std::vector<std::byte> m_blockToSendBuffer; //!< Buffer used to prepare data being sent from the socket
 };
 
 } // namespace sf

include/SFML/Network/UdpSocket.hpp

@@ -35,6 +35,8 @@
 #include <optional>
 #include <vector>
 
+#include <cstddef>
+
 
 namespace sf
 {
@@ -196,7 +198,7 @@ private:
     ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
     // Member data
     ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-    std::vector<char> m_buffer{std::vector<char>(MaxDatagramSize)}; //!< Temporary buffer holding the received data in Receive(Packet)
+    std::vector<std::byte> m_buffer{MaxDatagramSize}; //!< Temporary buffer holding the received data in Receive(Packet)
 };
 
 } // namespace sf

include/SFML/System/MemoryInputStream.hpp

@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@
 
 #include <SFML/System/InputStream.hpp>
 
+#include <cstddef>
 #include <cstdlib>
 
 
@@ -104,7 +105,7 @@ private:
     ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
     // Member data
     ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-    const char*  m_data{};   //!< Pointer to the data in memory
+    const std::byte* m_data{};   //!< Pointer to the data in memory
     std::int64_t     m_size{};   //!< Total size of the data
     std::int64_t     m_offset{}; //!< Current reading position
 };

include/SFML/System/Utf.inl

@@ -127,15 +127,15 @@ Out Utf<8>::encode(std::uint32_t input, Out output, std::uint8_t replacement)
         // clang-format on
 
         // Extract the bytes to write
-        std::uint8_t bytes[4];
+        std::byte bytes[4];
 
         // clang-format off
         switch (bytestoWrite)
         {
-            case 4: bytes[3] = static_cast<std::uint8_t>((input | 0x80) & 0xBF); input >>= 6; [[fallthrough]];
+            case 4: bytes[3] = static_cast<std::byte>((input | 0x80) & 0xBF); input >>= 6; [[fallthrough]];
-            case 3: bytes[2] = static_cast<std::uint8_t>((input | 0x80) & 0xBF); input >>= 6; [[fallthrough]];
+            case 3: bytes[2] = static_cast<std::byte>((input | 0x80) & 0xBF); input >>= 6; [[fallthrough]];
-            case 2: bytes[1] = static_cast<std::uint8_t>((input | 0x80) & 0xBF); input >>= 6; [[fallthrough]];
+            case 2: bytes[1] = static_cast<std::byte>((input | 0x80) & 0xBF); input >>= 6; [[fallthrough]];
-            case 1: bytes[0] = static_cast<std::uint8_t> (input | firstBytes[bytestoWrite]);
+            case 1: bytes[0] = static_cast<std::byte> (input | firstBytes[bytestoWrite]);
         }
         // clang-format on
 

src/SFML/Audio/SoundFileReaderWav.cpp

@@ -29,12 +29,14 @@
 
 #include <SFML/System/Err.hpp>
 #include <SFML/System/InputStream.hpp>
+#include <SFML/System/Utils.hpp>
 
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <ostream>
 
 #include <cassert>
 #include <cctype>
+#include <cstddef>
 #include <cstring>
 
 
@@ -50,44 +52,44 @@ bool decode(sf::InputStream& stream, std::uint8_t& value)
 
 bool decode(sf::InputStream& stream, std::int16_t& value)
 {
-    unsigned char bytes[sizeof(value)];
+    std::byte bytes[sizeof(value)];
     if (static_cast<std::size_t>(stream.read(bytes, static_cast<std::int64_t>(sizeof(bytes)))) != sizeof(bytes))
         return false;
 
-    value = static_cast<std::int16_t>(bytes[0] | (bytes[1] << 8));
+    value = sf::toInteger<std::int16_t>(bytes[0], bytes[1]);
 
     return true;
 }
 
 bool decode(sf::InputStream& stream, std::uint16_t& value)
 {
-    unsigned char bytes[sizeof(value)];
+    std::byte bytes[sizeof(value)];
     if (static_cast<std::size_t>(stream.read(bytes, static_cast<std::int64_t>(sizeof(bytes)))) != sizeof(bytes))
         return false;
 
-    value = static_cast<std::uint16_t>(bytes[0] | (bytes[1] << 8));
+    value = sf::toInteger<std::uint16_t>(bytes[0], bytes[1]);
 
     return true;
 }
 
 bool decode24bit(sf::InputStream& stream, std::uint32_t& value)
 {
-    unsigned char bytes[3];
+    std::byte bytes[3];
     if (static_cast<std::size_t>(stream.read(bytes, static_cast<std::int64_t>(sizeof(bytes)))) != sizeof(bytes))
         return false;
 
-    value = static_cast<std::uint32_t>(bytes[0] | (bytes[1] << 8) | (bytes[2] << 16));
+    value = sf::toInteger<std::uint32_t>(bytes[0], bytes[1], bytes[2]);
 
     return true;
 }
 
 bool decode(sf::InputStream& stream, std::uint32_t& value)
 {
-    unsigned char bytes[sizeof(value)];
+    std::byte bytes[sizeof(value)];
     if (static_cast<std::size_t>(stream.read(bytes, static_cast<std::int64_t>(sizeof(bytes)))) != sizeof(bytes))
         return false;
 
-    value = static_cast<std::uint32_t>(bytes[0] | (bytes[1] << 8) | (bytes[2] << 16) | (bytes[3] << 24));
+    value = sf::toInteger<std::uint32_t>(bytes[0], bytes[1], bytes[2], bytes[3]);
 
     return true;
 }

src/SFML/Audio/SoundFileWriterWav.cpp

@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@
 #include <ostream>
 
 #include <cassert>
+#include <cstddef>
 
 
 namespace
@@ -42,23 +43,23 @@ namespace
 
 void encode(std::ostream& stream, std::int16_t value)
 {
-    unsigned char bytes[] = {static_cast<unsigned char>(value & 0xFF), static_cast<unsigned char>(value >> 8)};
+    const std::byte bytes[] = {static_cast<std::byte>(value & 0xFF), static_cast<std::byte>(value >> 8)};
     stream.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(bytes), sizeof(bytes));
 }
 
 void encode(std::ostream& stream, std::uint16_t value)
 {
-    unsigned char bytes[] = {static_cast<unsigned char>(value & 0xFF), static_cast<unsigned char>(value >> 8)};
+    const std::byte bytes[] = {static_cast<std::byte>(value & 0xFF), static_cast<std::byte>(value >> 8)};
     stream.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(bytes), sizeof(bytes));
 }
 
 void encode(std::ostream& stream, std::uint32_t value)
 {
-    unsigned char bytes[] = {
+    const std::byte bytes[] = {
-        static_cast<unsigned char>(value & 0x000000FF),
+        static_cast<std::byte>(value & 0x000000FF),
-        static_cast<unsigned char>((value & 0x0000FF00) >> 8),
+        static_cast<std::byte>((value & 0x0000FF00) >> 8),
-        static_cast<unsigned char>((value & 0x00FF0000) >> 16),
+        static_cast<std::byte>((value & 0x00FF0000) >> 16),
-        static_cast<unsigned char>((value & 0xFF000000) >> 24),
+        static_cast<std::byte>((value & 0xFF000000) >> 24),
     };
     stream.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(bytes), sizeof(bytes));
 }

src/SFML/Graphics/RenderTarget.cpp

@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@
 
 #include <cassert>
 #include <cmath>
+#include <cstddef>
 
 
 namespace
@@ -293,11 +294,11 @@ void RenderTarget::draw(const Vertex* vertices, std::size_t vertexCount, Primiti
         // coordinates we need to set up the pointers to the vertices' components
         if (!m_cache.enable || !useVertexCache || !m_cache.useVertexCache)
         {
-            const char* data = reinterpret_cast<const char*>(vertices);
+            const auto* data = reinterpret_cast<const std::byte*>(vertices);
 
             // If we pre-transform the vertices, we must use our internal vertex cache
             if (useVertexCache)
-                data = reinterpret_cast<const char*>(m_cache.vertexCache);
+                data = reinterpret_cast<const std::byte*>(m_cache.vertexCache);
 
             glCheck(glVertexPointer(2, GL_FLOAT, sizeof(Vertex), data + 0));
             glCheck(glColorPointer(4, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, sizeof(Vertex), data + 8));
@@ -307,7 +308,7 @@ void RenderTarget::draw(const Vertex* vertices, std::size_t vertexCount, Primiti
         else if (enableTexCoordsArray && !m_cache.texCoordsArrayEnabled)
         {
             // If we enter this block, we are already using our internal vertex cache
-            const char* data = reinterpret_cast<const char*>(m_cache.vertexCache);
+            const auto* data = reinterpret_cast<const std::byte*>(m_cache.vertexCache);
 
             glCheck(glTexCoordPointer(2, GL_FLOAT, sizeof(Vertex), data + 12));
         }

src/SFML/Network/Packet.cpp

@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
 #include <SFML/Network/SocketImpl.hpp>
 
 #include <SFML/System/String.hpp>
+#include <SFML/System/Utils.hpp>
 
 #include <cstring>
 #include <cwchar>
@@ -216,13 +217,10 @@ Packet& Packet::operator>>(std::int64_t& data)
     {
         // Since ntohll is not available everywhere, we have to convert
         // to network byte order (big endian) manually
-        std::uint8_t bytes[sizeof(data)];
+        std::byte bytes[sizeof(data)];
         std::memcpy(bytes, &m_data[m_readPos], sizeof(data));
 
-        data = (static_cast<std::int64_t>(bytes[0]) << 56) | (static_cast<std::int64_t>(bytes[1]) << 48) |
+        data = toInteger<std::int64_t>(bytes[7], bytes[6], bytes[5], bytes[4], bytes[3], bytes[2], bytes[1], bytes[0]);
-               (static_cast<std::int64_t>(bytes[2]) << 40) | (static_cast<std::int64_t>(bytes[3]) << 32) |
-               (static_cast<std::int64_t>(bytes[4]) << 24) | (static_cast<std::int64_t>(bytes[5]) << 16) |
-               (static_cast<std::int64_t>(bytes[6]) << 8) | (static_cast<std::int64_t>(bytes[7]));
 
         m_readPos += sizeof(data);
     }
@@ -238,13 +236,10 @@ Packet& Packet::operator>>(std::uint64_t& data)
     {
         // Since ntohll is not available everywhere, we have to convert
         // to network byte order (big endian) manually
-        std::uint8_t bytes[sizeof(data)];
+        std::byte bytes[sizeof(data)];
         std::memcpy(bytes, &m_data[m_readPos], sizeof(data));
 
-        data = (static_cast<std::uint64_t>(bytes[0]) << 56) | (static_cast<std::uint64_t>(bytes[1]) << 48) |
+        data = toInteger<std::uint64_t>(bytes[7], bytes[6], bytes[5], bytes[4], bytes[3], bytes[2], bytes[1], bytes[0]);
-               (static_cast<std::uint64_t>(bytes[2]) << 40) | (static_cast<std::uint64_t>(bytes[3]) << 32) |
-               (static_cast<std::uint64_t>(bytes[4]) << 24) | (static_cast<std::uint64_t>(bytes[5]) << 16) |
-               (static_cast<std::uint64_t>(bytes[6]) << 8) | (static_cast<std::uint64_t>(bytes[7]));
 
         m_readPos += sizeof(data);
     }
@@ -311,7 +306,7 @@ Packet& Packet::operator>>(std::string& data)
     if ((length > 0) && checkSize(length))
     {
         // Then extract characters
-        data.assign(&m_data[m_readPos], length);
+        data.assign(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&m_data[m_readPos]), length);
 
         // Update reading position
         m_readPos += length;

src/SFML/Network/TcpSocket.cpp

@@ -412,7 +412,7 @@ Socket::Status TcpSocket::receive(Packet& packet)
         if (received > 0)
         {
             m_pendingPacket.Data.resize(m_pendingPacket.Data.size() + received);
-            char* begin = m_pendingPacket.Data.data() + m_pendingPacket.Data.size() - received;
+            std::byte* begin = m_pendingPacket.Data.data() + m_pendingPacket.Data.size() - received;
             std::memcpy(begin, buffer, received);
         }
     }

src/SFML/System/MemoryInputStream.cpp

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ MemoryInputStream::MemoryInputStream() = default;
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 void MemoryInputStream::open(const void* data, std::size_t sizeInBytes)
 {
-    m_data   = static_cast<const char*>(data);
+    m_data   = static_cast<const std::byte*>(data);
     m_size   = static_cast<std::int64_t>(sizeInBytes);
     m_offset = 0;
 }

src/SFML/System/Utils.hpp

@@ -51,4 +51,15 @@ namespace sf
     return stream.str();
 }
 
+// Convert byte sequence into integer
+// toInteger<int>(0x12, 0x34, 0x56) == 0x563412
+template <typename IntegerType, typename... Bytes>
+[[nodiscard]] constexpr IntegerType toInteger(Bytes... byte)
+{
+    static_assert(sizeof(IntegerType) >= sizeof...(Bytes), "IntegerType not large enough to contain bytes");
+
+    IntegerType integer = 0;
+    std::size_t index   = 0;
+    return ((integer |= static_cast<IntegerType>(static_cast<IntegerType>(byte) << 8 * index++)), ...);
+}
 } // namespace sf